Astraea, Demeter, Erigone
Greeks and Romans saw several figures here. Astraea, goddess of justice, is said to have left the Earth for the sky after the Silver Age; others recognised Demeter and Persephone.
Another tradition says Dionysus placed Erigone, daughter of Icarius of Athens, and her father in the sky as Virgo and Boötes. Hyginus and Virgil are among the authors who mention it.
The ear of grain and precession
In the MUL.APIN tablets, around the 10th century BC, part of the constellation was called ‘the Furrow’, an image of the goddess Shala and her ear of grain. Spica, Latin for ‘ear of grain’, keeps that memory alive.
Hipparchus discovered the precession of the equinoxes by measuring Spica’s position during lunar eclipses in 146 and 135 BC and comparing it with Timocharis’s records: the star had shifted by about 2 degrees.
The real constellation
At 1,294 square degrees, Virgo is the largest constellation of the zodiac and the second largest in the sky after Hydra. The autumn equinox point lies within it, very close to Beta Virginis.
Spica climbs only to 28 degrees above the Brussels horizon and is highest around 10 pm in early June. In 2026 the Sun stands in front of Virgo from 17 September to 31 October, including this week.
Its stars
Spica
Magnitude 0.97, about 250 light years away. Two hot stars orbiting each other every four days, too close to be split with a telescope.
The Virgo Cluster
It lies 5 to 12 degrees west of Vindemiatrix, Epsilon Virginis.
A galaxy and its black hole
On 10 April 2019 the Event Horizon Telescope released the image of its central black hole, the first direct image of a black hole.
The first quasar
The first quasar ever identified, and the brightest in the sky in visible light.
In art and history
Virgo has carried an ear of grain since Babylon, and wings since the atlases.
- Babylon‘The Furrow’ of the goddess Shala, whose ear of grain became Spica.
- AntiquityHyginus, Virgil, Diodorus Siculus and Strabo are among the ancient authors who mention the figures of Virgo.
- Scientific atlasesIn 1690 Hevelius engraved her winged and draped, lying along the ecliptic.